| 1 | Determine the required force capacity | Select a load cell and frame capacity above the maximum expected test force. | Use the anticipated peak force plus a safety margin. Common laboratory frame capacities include 1 kN, 5 kN, 10 kN, 50 kN, and 100 kN, depending on the specimen and material. | The machine should complete the test without overload while maintaining suitable force resolution. A capacity that is unnecessarily high can reduce measurement sensitivity for small loads. |
| 2 | Match the fixture to the test method | Use a three-point bending fixture with two lower supports and one centrally positioned loading nose. | The support span should be adjustable to suit the specimen geometry and applicable standard. The loading nose and supports should be aligned, hardened, and appropriate for the material. | Fixture geometry directly affects bending moment, stress distribution, deflection, and repeatability. Incorrect span or alignment can produce misleading flexural-strength results. |
| 3 | Check specimen size and span compatibility | Choose a machine with adequate test-space height, width, throat depth, and span-adjustment range. | For rectangular specimens, calculate the span-to-depth ratio according to the selected method. ASTM D790 commonly uses a span-to-depth ratio of 16:1 for many plastic flexural tests, while other standards may specify different ratios. | A suitable span helps promote the intended flexural failure mode and prevents fixture interference, excessive shear effects, or insufficient deflection travel. |
| 4 | Select appropriate deformation measurement | Use crosshead displacement for general screening and a deflectometer or extensometer when accurate modulus or strain data are required. | Crosshead displacement includes machine and fixture compliance. A separate displacement sensor measures specimen response more directly. Sensor travel and range must cover the expected deflection. | Accurate deformation measurement is essential for flexural modulus, yield behavior, and comparison between materials. The selected sensor should not restrict the specimen movement. |
| 5 | Verify software, speed, and compliance needs | Choose software that supports force, displacement, stress, strain, modulus, and failure-point calculations. | Test speed must be programmable in the units required by the applicable standard, such as mm/min. The system should record calibrated force and displacement data and export results in common formats such as CSV. | Controlled speed and traceable data processing improve repeatability. The machine should also support calibration records, test-result storage, and reporting requirements for the laboratory. |