| Ultraviolet Photometric | Measures ozone absorption of ultraviolet light near 254 nm, where ozone has a strong absorption band. | High selectivity for ozone; suitable for continuous monitoring; generally stable for low-level measurements; commonly used for ambient-air and process applications. | Interference can occur from particles, condensation, dirty optical cells, lamp aging, and gases or vapors that absorb strongly in the same ultraviolet region. Water vapor is usually less significant than optical contamination. | Requires zero-air checks and periodic span verification with a traceable ozone source or comparison instrument. Optical-cell cleanliness, lamp output, sample flow, and scrubber performance should be checked. | Excellent when the instrument is specified for sub-ppm ozone and the sample system is properly maintained. |
| Electrochemical | Generates an electrical signal from an oxidation-reduction reaction at an electrode exposed to ozone. | Compact, low-power, and often economical; suitable for portable instruments and fixed-point alarms when the sensor is specifically designed for ozone. | Response may be affected by nitrogen dioxide, chlorine, chlorine dioxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen monoxide, hydrogen peroxide, solvents, high humidity, temperature, and changes in airflow. The exact response depends on electrode chemistry and filters. | Zero and span checks are important. Sensor aging, electrolyte condition, temperature, humidity, and storage history can affect accuracy. Use a certified test concentration or a validated comparison method. | Good for personal or area monitoring if the manufacturer documents performance at or below 0.1 ppm and provides interference data. |
| Metal-Oxide Semiconductor | Detects changes in the electrical resistance of a heated semiconductor surface caused by reactive gases. | Durable, simple, and capable of detecting low concentrations in some applications; may be useful for trend monitoring or leak indication. | Usually broad and non-specific. Volatile organic compounds, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrogen, solvents, humidity, temperature, and surface contamination may produce a response. | Requires application-specific calibration and environmental compensation. Frequent verification is advisable because baseline drift and poisoning can affect readings. | Use with caution for OSHA-related compliance decisions unless selectivity, detection performance, and interference rejection have been independently validated. |
| Colorimetric or Indicating Tube | Ozone reacts with a treated chemical medium, producing a measurable stain or color change. | Useful for short-duration screening, personal exposure checks, and independent verification when continuous electronic monitoring is unavailable. | Humidity, temperature, interfering oxidants, sampling time, storage conditions, expiration date, and incorrect flow rate can influence the result. | Follow the specified sampling volume and flow rate. Confirm expiration date and storage requirements. Use a new tube for each measurement and record sampling duration. | Suitable for screening around 0.1 ppm when the tube’s stated range, accuracy, and uncertainty cover the target concentration. |
| Chemiluminescence or Specialized Optical Analyzer | Uses a chemical or optical reaction that produces a signal proportional to ozone concentration. | Can provide high sensitivity and fast response for laboratory, research, or reference-level monitoring. | Performance can be affected by reagent condition, sample flow, pressure, humidity, optical contamination, and other oxidizing compounds, depending on the design. | Requires controlled zero and span procedures, stable sample flow, documented maintenance, and periodic comparison with a traceable reference method. | Very suitable when the analyzer is validated for low-level ozone and the additional maintenance requirements are acceptable. |