| Chemical identity | Sodium selenite | Inorganic selenium compound used in nutritional, laboratory, glass, pigment, and specialty chemical applications. | Product specification, certificate of analysis, and chemical identity testing. |
| Chemical formula | Na2SeO3 | The formula should match the declared anhydrous material or the stated hydrate form. | Stoichiometric review supported by elemental analysis and an identity test. |
| CAS Registry Number | 10102-18-8 | Commonly used identifier for sodium selenite. | Supplier documentation and regulatory database cross-check. |
| Molar mass | Approximately 172.94 g/mol for anhydrous Na2SeO3 | Useful for formulation calculations, assay conversion, and selenium-content calculations. | Calculation from the internationally accepted atomic weights of sodium, selenium, and oxygen. |
| Theoretical selenium content | Approximately 45.66% selenium by mass for anhydrous sodium selenite | Provides a theoretical reference; the actual value depends on assay, moisture, and hydrate content. | ICP-OES, ICP-MS, or another validated elemental selenium method. |
| Common raw materials | Elemental selenium or selenium dioxide, together with sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate | Raw-material purity affects heavy-metal levels, oxidation state, color, and final assay. | Incoming-material inspection, supplier qualification, and raw-material certificates. |
| Common production route | Controlled oxidation and alkaline reaction to form soluble sodium selenite, followed by clarification, concentration, crystallization, drying, and sieving. | Process control is required to minimize unreacted selenium, excessive oxidation, insoluble matter, and batch-to-batch variation. | Batch records, process parameters, in-process sampling, and final release testing. |
| Reaction control | Reaction temperature, alkalinity, oxidation conditions, mixing, and residence time are controlled within validated operating ranges. | Improper control can lead to incomplete conversion or formation of unwanted selenium species. | Calibrated pH, temperature, flow, and time records; deviation and corrective-action reports. |
| Purification steps | Filtration or clarification removes insoluble particles; concentration and crystallization improve chemical purity; drying controls residual moisture. | Purification affects appearance, solubility, assay, insoluble matter, and storage stability. | Filter records, crystallization parameters, moisture analysis, and visual inspection. |
| Appearance | Typically a white to off-white crystalline powder. | Unexpected darkening, discoloration, or visible foreign matter may indicate contamination, oxidation-state changes, or poor storage. | Visual inspection under defined lighting and comparison with the approved reference standard. |
| Assay specification | Commercial grades commonly specify a high sodium selenite assay, often around 98% to 99% or higher, depending on grade and application. | The exact acceptance limit must be agreed in the purchase specification and linked to the intended use. | Validated titration, gravimetric analysis, ion chromatography, or elemental assay with a documented calculation basis. |
| Selenium content | Often specified separately from sodium selenite assay, particularly for nutritional or feed-related applications. | Separate selenium testing helps distinguish chemical purity from total elemental selenium concentration. | ICP-OES or ICP-MS with traceable calibration standards and suitable sample digestion. |
| Moisture or loss on drying | Limit is grade-specific because sodium selenite may be supplied in anhydrous or hydrated form. | Moisture influences assay calculations, powder flow, caking, and long-term stability. | Karl Fischer titration or validated loss-on-drying testing, with the reporting basis clearly stated. |
| Water solubility | Sodium selenite is generally soluble in water; the measured result depends on temperature, particle size, hydrate state, and test procedure. | Solubility consistency is important for premixes, solutions, laboratory preparations, and process use. | Standardized solubility or clarity test using controlled water quality, temperature, concentration, and equilibration time. |
| pH of aqueous solution | Usually assessed using a defined concentration, such as a 1% solution; the acceptable range is product-specific. | pH can reveal formulation differences, contamination, or incomplete neutralization. | Calibrated pH meter, specified concentration, controlled temperature, and documented test procedure. |
| Insoluble matter | Low insoluble matter is generally expected for high-purity grades. | High insoluble content may indicate inadequate filtration, raw-material contamination, or crystallization problems. | Filtration and gravimetric residue measurement using a defined sample mass and solvent volume. |
| Trace metals | Potential contaminants include lead, arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and other metals; limits depend on the application and applicable regulations. | Trace-metal control is especially important for food, feed, pharmaceutical, and laboratory grades. | ICP-MS or ICP-OES using validated digestion, blanks, calibration verification, and suitable detection limits. |
| Oxidation-state control | The declared product is selenium(IV) in the selenite anion, SeO32−. | Monitoring helps identify undesired conversion to other selenium species during production or storage. | Validated speciation method, redox testing, ion chromatography, or another qualified analytical technique. |
| Particle-size profile | Particle-size limits are normally defined by application rather than by a universal standard. | Particle size affects blending uniformity, dissolution rate, dust generation, and handling behavior. | Laser diffraction, sieve analysis, or another validated particle-size method. |
| Microbiological quality | For inorganic chemical grades, microbial limits may not be routinely required; they can be specified for certain nutritional or formulated applications. | Requirements should follow the intended use, customer specification, and applicable standard. | Risk-based microbiological testing where required, with documented sampling and laboratory controls. |
| Packaging | Commonly supplied in sealed, moisture-resistant inner packaging placed inside a rigid outer container or bag. | Packaging should protect the powder from moisture, contamination, leakage, and accidental exposure. | Packaging inspection, seal-integrity checks, label review, and packaging material specifications. |
| Storage conditions | Store tightly closed in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible materials and unauthorized access. | Good storage practice reduces moisture uptake, caking, contamination, and handling risk. | Warehouse temperature and humidity records, stock rotation, and periodic package-condition checks. |
| Batch traceability | Each batch should be linked to raw materials, processing records, test results, packaging, and release approval. | Traceability supports recalls, investigations, supplier evaluation, and consistent quality. | Batch number, manufacturing date, certificate of analysis, retained sample, and change-control records. |
| Supplier qualification criteria | Evaluate technical capability, consistent assay, trace-metal control, production capacity, documentation quality, and regulatory suitability. | Supplier ranking should be based on verified performance rather than price alone. | Quality questionnaire, sample approval, audit or remote assessment, certificates, and historical batch data. |
| Required commercial documents | Certificate of analysis, safety data sheet, specification sheet, lot information, packing list, and applicable regulatory declarations. | Complete documentation allows buyers to confirm identity, quality, safe handling, and intended-use compliance. | Document review against the purchase specification before shipment acceptance and batch release. |